Armed Conflict Criminal Justice & the Rule of Law Terrorism & Extremism

June 11 Session #5: A DIVO, No?

Raffaela Wakeman, Wells Bennett
Tuesday, June 11, 2013, 12:24 PM

On to the discipline of Defense-Initiated Victim/Survivor Outreach, or DIVO (AE107).  Kammen and crew seek funding for two DIVO liaisons.  In prior proceedings,  Judge Pohl asked to hear more about DIVO practice, and the need for DIVO liaisons in this case.  That is something that Professor Jody Madeira of Indiana University’s Maurer School of Law can and explain to the court, in Kammen’s view.

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On to the discipline of Defense-Initiated Victim/Survivor Outreach, or DIVO (AE107).  Kammen and crew seek funding for two DIVO liaisons.  In prior proceedings,  Judge Pohl asked to hear more about DIVO practice, and the need for DIVO liaisons in this case.  That is something that Professor Jody Madeira of Indiana University’s Maurer School of Law can and explain to the court, in Kammen’s view. (The defense earlier had sought testimony from another proposed witness on that issue, Tammy Krause, but withdrew its request for her and now seeks Madeira as a replacement.)  There’s also Karen Loftus, who does victim outreach for the Office of the Military Commission---but that makes her unworkable from a defense standpoint, as Kammen had argued earlier to the commission.  He's looking for someone aligned with the defense specifically, and Madeira can testify as to why that's appropriate.

Prosecutor LT Bryan M. Davis: the government will provide and has provided all relevant and necessary witnesses to the defense and this commission.  The defense here requested Krause, who might well have provided relevant and necessary information, given her prior experience as a DIVO.  But then Kammen and crew dropped that plan, and responsibility for the decision not to call Krause belongs to the defense alone.  Here's the catch, though:  Dr. Madeira and Ms. Krause are not similarly qualified.  The latter could have been qualified as an expert in the DIVO field, and thus told Judge Pohl what DIVO personnel actually do.  Not so with Madeira, who isn’t a DIVO by profession.

Kammen finds this a bit rich.  Earlier, prosecutors had said that the defense doesn’t need another DIVO witness, because the defense already has one, in the person of Krause.  And now, Krause isn’t available, but Madeira is.

The bottom line for Judge Pohl is this: what does a DIVO do?  If you have a person who is a DIVO, he intones, then I want to hear from him or her.  (Ever briefly, Lockhart rises to correct Kammen’s mischaracterization of the government’s position about DIVO witnesses.  Uninterested, the court asks the parties to stop with the constant clarifications of what was, and was not, that party’s view before.) Here's the court doubling down about his objective: I want to hear from a DIVO about what DIVOs do.  Period.   Squaring the circle, sorta, Kammen suggests that Krause could testify generically about the work of a DIVO.  The court asks prosecution and defense to work with one another to agree upon a witness who practices DIVO--perhaps Ms. Krause.

The court and counsel identify upcoming agenda items.  The court is keen to address cross-cutting motions, which (AE48C and 49C) the defense wants to address tomorrow.  In any case, we’re in a brief recess until 1 p.m.

[Update: this post has been edited to reflect that Judge Pohl denied AE107 as it concerns Dr. Madeira, and instructed the parties to agree on a witness who practices DIVO, including Ms. Krause.]


Raffaela Wakeman is a Senior Director at In-Q-Tel. She started her career at the Brookings Institution, where she spent five years conducting research on national security, election reform, and Congress. During this time she was also the Associate Editor of Lawfare. From there, Raffaela practiced law at the U.S. Department of Defense for four years, advising her clients on privacy and surveillance law, cybersecurity, and foreign liaison relationships. She departed DoD in 2019 to join the Majority Staff of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, where she oversaw the Intelligence Community’s science and technology portfolios, cybersecurity, and surveillance activities. She left HPSCI in May 2021 to join IQT. Raffaela received her BS and MS in Political Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2009 and her law degree from Georgetown University Law Center in 2015, where she was recognized for her commitment to public service with the Joyce Chiang Memorial Award. While at the Department of Defense, she was the inaugural recipient of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence’s General Counsel Award for exhibiting the highest standards of leadership, professional conduct, and integrity.
Wells C. Bennett was Managing Editor of Lawfare and a Fellow in National Security Law at the Brookings Institution. Before coming to Brookings, he was an Associate at Arnold & Porter LLP.

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