The data-privacy justification is substantial, the national security posture helps the government, and the law covers more than just TikTok.

Controlling AI through compute may be necessary, but it won’t be easy.

Whether Congress can single out TikTok remains an unanswered constitutional question.

Some forms of “prompt injection” may violate federal law.

Tort liability is the wrong approach to improving software security; process transparency and Executive Order 14028 offer a path forward.

Insurers can bring unique evidence and legal strategies to software liability cases if the regime creates a path for subrogation.

Governance of AI, human-machine interface, immersive, and quantum technologies will require balancing global integration and regulatory autonomy.